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AME 68:185-194 (2013)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01611

FEATURE ARTICLE
Elemental quotas and physiology of a southwestern Pacific Ocean plankton community as a function of iron availability

Steven W. Wilhelm1,*, Andrew L. King2, Benjamin S. Twining3, Gary R. LeCleir1, Jennifer M. DeBruyn4, Robert F. Strzepek5, Cynthia L. Breene2, Stuart Pickmere6, Michael J. Ellwood7, Philip W. Boyd5, David A. Hutchins2 

1Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
2Marine Environmental Biology, Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
3Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, PO Box 380, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA
4Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
5Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
6National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
7Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
*Email:

ABSTRACT: The rate of carbon fixation by phytoplankton in marine surface waters is often tied to the supply of growth-limiting nutrients such as iron (Fe). While average cellular requirements and ratios for various elements are well known in the literature, especially through laboratory culture work, the plasticity of these relationships in natural plankton communities has been less explored. To gauge how changes in the biological availability of dissolved Fe might influence cellular nutrient ratios of marine phytoplankton (and thus their physiology), we carried out incubation assays during a research expedition off the east coast of New Zealand. Trace-metal clean collection of plankton communities were amended with a continuum of concentrations of either Fe (as FeCl3) or desferroxamine B (to reduce bioavailable Fe) and then maintained for 72 h under in situ conditions. Along with standard assays (Fv/Fm, chlorophyll, nutrient drawdown), we measured elemental ratios in the bulk community by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and within individual plankton using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. Our observations demonstrate that changes in the physiological ecology of the community (biomass, photosynthetic efficiency) were mirrored in changes in elemental ratios, including a 3-fold change in Fe stoichiometry and a 13-fold change in Zn stoichiometry when Fe-replete and Fe-depleted communities were compared. We present this information in consideration of the hypothesis that flexibility in elemental quotas influences the interactions between nutrient availability and planktonic physiological status, subsequently altering C flow through marine surface waters.


KEY WORDS: Cellular iron quotas · Phytoplankton · Marine biogeochemistry


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Cite this article as: Wilhelm SW, King AL, Twining BS, LeCleir GR and others (2013) Elemental quotas and physiology of a southwestern Pacific Ocean plankton community as a function of iron availability. Aquat Microb Ecol 68:185-194. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01611

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Published in AME Vol. 68, No. 3. Online publication date: March 18, 2013
Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564
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