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AME 90:121-139 (2024)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ame02012

Shore and mid-channel surveys reveal distinct phytoplankton-bacterial population associations along an urban estuary

Georgie E. Humphries1,2,3, Mariapaola Ambrosone1, Zabdiel Roldan-Ayala1,2,4, Maximillian Brown1,2, Dianne I. Greenfield1,2,3,*

1Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
2School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
3Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
4Present address: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
*Corresponding author:

ABSTRACT: A growing body of literature has highlighted the importance of phytoplankton-bacterial associations to marine and estuarine ecological and biogeochemical function, but their population linkages remain sparsely characterized within urban estuaries. Since many developed coastlines are heavily impacted by anthropogenic nutrient inputs, elucidating their phytoplankton-bacterial dynamics provides insight into nutrient cycling, productivity, and can help inform water quality management. This study compared surface (0.5 m depth) physical water quality, cell abundances of major phytoplankton taxa and bacteria, as well as concentrations of chlorophyll a (chl a) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the nitrogen (N)-enriched Western Long Island Sound (WLIS), USA, between mid-channel and shore sites (in 2020 and 2021). Shore bacterial and phytoplankton abundances as well as DOM concentrations (primarily dissolved organic N and carbon [DOC]), were significantly higher than mid-channel, especially during summer, indicative of terrestrial loading influencing microbial assemblages as well as N and C cycling. Abundances of key phytoplankton taxa were better indicators of bacterial abundances than chl a, as bacterial abundances positively and significantly correlated with those of dinoflagellates, especially the most common genera Prorocentrum (mid-channel, shore) and Heterocapsa (shore only), but not with diatoms. However, pennate diatom abundances negatively and significantly correlated with DOC concentrations in the mid-channel. Results highlight the impact of terrestrial inputs on WLIS microbial assemblage dynamics, presumably by favoring bacteria and dinoflagellate population coupling, as well as shed new ecological insight into how phytoplankton and bacterial communities respond to nutrient loadings in urban estuaries.


KEY WORDS: Algal-bacterial interactions · Dissolved organic matter · Dinoflagellates · DOC · Nitrogen · Long Island Sound · Diatoms · Prorocentrum


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Cite this article as: Humphries GE, Ambrosone M, Roldan-Ayala Z, Brown M, Greenfield DI (2024) Shore and mid-channel surveys reveal distinct phytoplankton-bacterial population associations along an urban estuary. Aquat Microb Ecol 90:121-139. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame02012

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