Toxicity of anti-fouling biocides to Parorchis acanthus (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) cercarial encystment

N. J. Morley; K. M. Y. Leung; D. Morritt; M. Crane

doi:10.3354/dao054055

DAO

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

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DAO 54:55-60 (2003) - doi:10.3354/dao054055

Toxicity of anti-fouling biocides to Parorchis acanthus (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) cercarial encystment

N. J. Morley^1,*, K. M. Y. Leung^1,2, D. Morritt¹, M. Crane¹

¹School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
²Swire Institute of Marine Science and Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR

*Email: n.morley@rhul.ac.uk

ABSTRACT: The toxicity of the anti-fouling biocides tributyltin (TBTO), copper, and Irgarol 1051 (irgarol) at nominal concentrations ranging from 10 to 10000 µg l^-1 was investigated against the speed of encystment and successful formation of a protective cyst of the cercariae of Parorchis acanthus. For all biocide exposures, cercariae had a much slower rate of encystment and reduced cyst formation than controls. Exposure of the snail host Nucella lapillus for 7 d caused complete cessation of cercarial shedding in irgarol-exposed snails but had no effect on cercarial encystment from TBTO and copper-exposed snails. The mechanisms of toxicity of the biocides are briefly discussed.

KEY WORDS: Parorchis · Nucella · Cercariae · Encystment · Tributyltin · Copper · Irgarol 1051

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DAO 54:55-60 (2003) - doi:10.3354/dao054055

Toxicity of anti-fouling biocides to Parorchis acanthus (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) cercarial encystment

N. J. Morley1,*, K. M. Y. Leung1,2, D. Morritt1, M. Crane1

N. J. Morley^1,*, K. M. Y. Leung^1,2, D. Morritt¹, M. Crane¹