MEPS

Marine Ecology Progress Series

MEPS is a leading hybrid research journal on all aspects of marine, coastal and estuarine ecology. Priority is given to outstanding research that advances our ecological understanding.

Online: ISSN 1616-1599

Print: ISSN 0171-8630

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps

Impact Factor2.1 (JCR 2025 release)

Article Acceptance Rate52.2% (2024)

Average Time in Review216 days (2024)

Total Annual Downloads2.934.915 (2025)

Volume contents
Mar Ecol Prog Ser 554:213-224 (2016)

Whisker growth dynamics in two North Pacific pinnipeds: implications for determining foraging ecology from stable isotope analysis

ABSTRACT: Stable isotope analysis (SIA) of whiskers is increasingly used to investigate the foraging ecology of pinnipeds. An understanding of whisker growth dynamics is lacking for most species yet is necessary for study design and interpretation of isotope data. Here we present measurements of whisker growth obtained using photogrammetry in 5 California sea lions Zalophus californianus and 2 spotted seals Phoca largha. Data were collected from captive individuals for at least 1 yr, resulting in serial measurements of 321 sea lion and 153 spotted seal whiskers. The sea lion whiskers exhibited linear growth, with growth rates that ranged from <0.01 to 0.18 mm d-1. In contrast, spotted seal whiskers exhibited asymptotic growth characterized by rapid initial growth of up to 1.40 mm d-1; whiskers reached 75 and 95% of their asymptotic length after an average of 48 and 105 d, respectively. Over half of the spotted seal whiskers were lost annually during a period that coincided with the annual pelage molt, whereas the maximum estimated lifespan of sea lion whiskers was 10+ yr. Our data indicate that sea lion whisker growth rates can be used to reliably determine time periods of tissue deposition and link isotope values with ecological events over multiple years. In contrast, spotted seal whiskers archive dietary information over a period of months, and interpretation of isotope values is complicated by growth and shedding patterns of whiskers, and physiological changes associated with the annual pelage molt.

KEYWORDS

E. A. McHuron (Corresponding Author)

  • Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
emchuron@ucsc.edu

S. M. Walcott (Co-author)

  • Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
  • Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

J. Zeligs (Co-author)

  • Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA

S. Skrovan (Co-author)

  • Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA

D. P. Costa (Co-author)

  • Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA

C. Reichmuth (Co-author)

  • Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA