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Marine Ecology Progress Series

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MEPS 596:233-245 (2018)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12557

Geographic variation in the foraging behaviour of South American fur seals

Alastair M. M. Baylis1,2,*, Megan Tierney1, Rachael A. Orben3, Iain J. Staniland4, Paul Brickle1,5

1South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
2Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
3Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA
4British Antarctic Survey NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
5School of Biological Science (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
*Corresponding author:

ABSTRACT: The implicit assumption of many ecological studies is that animal behaviour and resource use are geographically uniform. However, central place foraging species often have geographically isolated breeding colonies that are associated with markedly different habitats. South American fur seals Arctocephalus australis (SAFS) are abundant and widely distributed colonial breeding central place foragers that provide potentially useful insights into geographic variation in animal behaviour and resource use. However, SAFS movement ecology is poorly understood. To address knowledge gaps and to explicitly test geographic variation in behaviour, we examined the foraging behaviour of 9 adult female SAFS from 2 Falkland Islands breeding colonies separated in distance by 200 km. A total of 150 foraging trips over 7 mo revealed striking colony differences. Specifically, SAFS that bred at Volunteer Rocks undertook long foraging trips (mean ± SD: 314 ± 70 km and 15.2 ± 2.7 d) to the Patagonian Shelf and shelf slope (bathymetric depth: 263 ± 28 m). In contrast, SAFS that bred at North Fur Island undertook short foraging trips (94 ± 40 km and 5.3 ± 2.1 d) and typically foraged near the Falkland Islands coastline (bathymetric depth: 85 ± 24 m). Stable isotope analysis of vibrissae δ13C and δ15N values also revealed colony differences in the isotopic niche area occupied, which indicated that resource use also differed. Contrary to popular models (Ashmole’s halo, hinterland model), colony size was unrelated to distance travelled, and SAFS did not necessarily use foraging grounds closest to their breeding colony. SAFS are likely subject to different selective pressures related to different environmental demands at the 2 breeding colonies. Accordingly, we reason that behavioural differences between breeding colonies reflect different phenotypes, and habitat use is more immediately influenced by phenotype, philopatry and the local environment, rather than density-dependent competition typically attributed to colony segregation in foraging areas.


KEY WORDS: Colony segregation · Arctocephalus australis · Patagonian Shelf · Stable isotopes · Resource partitioning · Satellite telemetry · Movement ecology


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Cite this article as: Baylis AMM, Tierney M, Orben RA, Staniland IJ, Brickle P (2018) Geographic variation in the foraging behaviour of South American fur seals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 596:233-245. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12557

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