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Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

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DAO 136:3-36 (2019)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03321

REVIEW
Pathogens and other symbionts of the Amphipoda: taxonomic diversity and pathological significance

Jamie Bojko1,2,*, Mykola Ovcharenko3,4

1University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Aquatic Pathobiology Laboratory, 2173 Mowry Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
2University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
3Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Zoology, Arciszewskiego 22b, Slupsk 76-200, Poland
4Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology PAS, Unicellular Parasites Laboratory, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa 00-818, Poland
*Corresponding author:
Advance View was available online February 7, 2019

ABSTRACT: With over 10000 species of Amphipoda currently described, this order is one of the most diverse groups of freshwater and marine Crustacea. Members of this group are globally distributed, and many are keystone species and ecosystem engineers within their respective ecologies. As with most organisms, disease is a key factor that can alter population size, behaviour, survival, invasion potential and physiology of amphipod hosts. This review explores symbiont diversity and pathology in amphipods by coalescing a range of current and historical literature to provide the first full review of our understanding of amphipod disease. The review is broken into 2 parts. The first half explores amphipod microparasites, which include data pertaining to viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, microsporidians, dinoflagellates, myxozoans, ascetosporeans, mesomycetozoeans, apicomplexans and ciliophorans. The second half reports the metazoan macroparasites of Amphipoda, including rotifers, trematodes, acanthocephalans, nematodes, cestodes and parasitic Crustacea. In all cases we have endeavoured to provide a complete list of known species that cause disease in amphipods, while also exploring the effects of parasitism. Although our understanding of disease in amphipods requires greater research efforts to better define taxonomic diversity and host effects of amphipod symbionts, research to date has made huge progress in cataloguing and experimentally determining the effects of disease upon amphipods. For the future, we suggest a greater focus on developing model systems that use readily available amphipods and diseases, which can be comparable to the diseases in other Crustacea that are endangered, economically important or difficult to house.


KEY WORDS: Amphipoda · Disease · Viruses · Bacteria · Fungi · Protozoa · Myxozoa · Macroparasites


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Cite this article as: Bojko J, Ovcharenko M (2019) Pathogens and other symbionts of the Amphipoda: taxonomic diversity and pathological significance. Dis Aquat Org 136:3-36. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03321

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