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Marine Ecology Progress Series

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MEPS 629:179-191 (2019)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13120

Evidence for limited adaptive responsiveness to large-scale spatial variation of habitat quality

Karl-Michael Werner1,*, Marc H. Taylor1, Rabea Diekmann2, Josep Lloret3, Christian Möllmann4, Raul Primicerio5, Heino O. Fock1

1Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
2Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
3University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, 17003 Girona, Spain
4Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Grosse Elbstrasse 133, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
5The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
*Corresponding author:

ABSTRACT: The ability of organisms to adapt their foraging behaviour to spatial variations in food availability and habitat quality is crucial to maximize energy intake and hence fitness. Under ideal conditions, habitat selection should result in a spatial distribution of individuals such that their fitness (energy reserves or condition) is roughly equal across habitats of varying quality. Using 11 yr of field data on Atlantic cod Gadus morhua distribution along the Greenland shelf, we investigated the foraging behaviour and life history of cod in heterogeneous environments. We combined information on energy reserves of cod with spatially resolved diet composition data to derive a measure of habitat quality and heterogeneity. Energy reserves in individual fish were best explained by the particular area they inhabited, whereas growth, population density, food quantity and interannual effects were of minor importance. Condition differed on relatively small spatial scales, at which cod would be capable of redistributing in favour of high-quality habitats. Our results indicate that particular areas may persistently allow higher fitness by sustaining high-conditioned individuals but suggest that replenishment of well-conditioned individuals in these high-quality habitats may take longer than expected. We conclude that cod exhibited limited scope in its behavioural response to spatial variation of habitat quality, leading to persistent spatio-temporal differences in energy reserves. Current climate change and fishing activities alter ecosystems and affect habitat heterogeneity, and the adaptive responsiveness of species to such changes in habitat quality is important in natural resource management.


KEY WORDS: Atlantic cod · Habitat choice · Behaviour · Fitness · Diet


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Cite this article as: Werner KM, Taylor MH, Diekmann R, Lloret J, Möllmann C, Primicerio R, Fock HO (2019) Evidence for limited adaptive responsiveness to large-scale spatial variation of habitat quality. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 629:179-191. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13120

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